Gene
A gene is a small functional part of DNA on a chromosome that carries information for a trait.
Practice This ConceptMain explanation
Teacher explanation
A gene acts like an instruction unit inside the hereditary material. It does not work alone as a whole chromosome; instead, it is one useful section that helps decide a specific feature such as seed shape, flower colour, or height pattern. Different genes influence different traits, which is why parents pass information to children in an organised way.
Example
In pea plants, one gene can control stem height, while another gene can control seed shape. In humans, genes help decide features such as blood group and eye colour pattern.
Simple analogy
Gene means one instruction piece inside DNA.
Common confusion
Students often say gene and chromosome are the same. That is wrong because a chromosome contains many genes, not just one.
Exam tip
When writing an answer, say gene is a unit of inheritance and mention that it is located on a chromosome.
Answer writing and exam use
1-mark use
Write the exact meaning of gene in one clean line.
2-mark use
Define gene and add one example or condition.
3-mark use
Explain gene, show the method or example, and mention the common mistake.
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