Acids, Bases and Salts Mind Map

An acid is a substance that gives hydrogen ions in water and shows acidic behaviour such as turning blue litmus red.

For exam answers, always mention the indicator change, the pH idea, and one real example to make the response complete.

A base is a substance that gives hydroxide ions in water and shows basic behaviour such as turning red litmus blue.

When you write about a base, mention hydroxide ions, litmus change, and one example together for a strong answer.

A universal indicator is a mixture of indicators that shows different colours for different pH values.

If the question asks for exact comparison of strength, universal indicator is usually the better choice than litmus.

The pH scale is a number scale from 0 to 14 that shows how acidic, neutral, or basic a solution is.

When comparing pH values, always state which sample is more acidic or more basic before giving the reason.

Tooth decay is the damage of tooth enamel caused when acids in the mouth lower the pH and slowly dissolve the hard outer layer.

In exam answers, mention sugar, bacteria, acid formation, pH drop, and enamel damage together.