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Iterative division for HCF

Iterative division for HCF is a step-by-step method where the larger number is divided by the smaller number, then the divisor and remainder are used again until the remainder becomes 0. The last non-zero remainder is the HCF.

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Student-friendly explanation

The HCF does not change when the larger number is replaced by the smaller number and the remainder. That is why the same logic can be used again and again, making the numbers smaller at every step. The method is fast and neat in exam work.

How to write this in exams

  1. 1

    Start with the exact idea

    Iterative division for HCF is a step-by-step method where the larger number is divided by the smaller number, then the divisor and remainder are used again until the remainder becomes 0. The last non-zero remainder is the HCF.

  2. 2

    Then show how to use it

    1. Divide the larger number by the smaller number. 2. Write the remainder. 3. Replace the pair by divisor and remainder. 4. Continue until remainder is 0. 5. The last non-zero remainder is the HCF.

  3. 3

    Add one concrete example

    For 252 and 198: 252 = 198 x 1 + 54, 198 = 54 x 3 + 36, 54 = 36 x 1 + 18, 36 = 18 x 2 + 0. So the HCF is 18.

  4. 4

    Avoid this incomplete answer

    Taking 36 as the HCF in the worked example is wrong because 36 is not the last non-zero remainder.

Definition

Iterative division for HCF is a step-by-step method where the larger number is divided by the smaller number, then the divisor and remainder are used again until the remainder becomes 0. The last non-zero remainder is the HCF.

Example

For 252 and 198: 252 = 198 x 1 + 54, 198 = 54 x 3 + 36, 54 = 36 x 1 + 18, 36 = 18 x 2 + 0. So the HCF is 18.

Rule to remember

If a = bq + r, then HCF(a,b) = HCF(b,r).

Memory hook

Keep the divisor, drop the old dividend, last non-zero wins.

Examples and method

Worked example

Find the HCF of 252 and 198 by repeated division: 252 = 198 x 1 + 54, 198 = 54 x 3 + 36, 54 = 36 x 1 + 18, 36 = 18 x 2 + 0. Since the last non-zero remainder is 18, the HCF is 18.

Method to apply

1. Divide the larger number by the smaller number. 2. Write the remainder. 3. Replace the pair by divisor and remainder. 4. Continue until remainder is 0. 5. The last non-zero remainder is the HCF.

Diagram support

A vertical division ladder with arrows from one step to the next is very useful for this method.

How CBSE asks it

Use repeated division to find the HCF of two numbers, or explain why the method works.

Avoid common mistakes

Common confusion

Students stop after the first remainder or take the quotient instead of the last non-zero remainder.

Common wrong answer

Taking 36 as the HCF in the worked example is wrong because 36 is not the last non-zero remainder.

Exam tip

Write each division clearly and stop only when the remainder becomes 0. The last non-zero remainder is the answer.

Quick check

In repeated division, why do we replace the pair with divisor and remainder?

Because the HCF stays the same, and the numbers become smaller until the last non-zero remainder is reached.

Answer writing and exam use

1-mark answer

Iterative division for HCF is a step-by-step method where the larger number is divided by the smaller number, then the divisor and remainder are used again until the remainder becomes 0. The last non-zero remainder is the HCF.

2-mark answer

Iterative division for HCF is a step-by-step method where the larger number is divided by the smaller number, then the divisor and remainder are used again until the remainder becomes 0. The last non-zero remainder is the HCF. If a = bq + r, then HCF(a,b) = HCF(b,r). For 252 and 198: 252 = 198 x 1 + 54, 198 = 54 x 3 + 36, 54 = 36 x 1 + 18, 36 = 18 x 2 + 0. So the HCF is 18.

3-mark answer

The HCF does not change when the larger number is replaced by the smaller number and the remainder. That is why the same logic can be used again and again, making the numbers smaller at every step. The method is fast and neat in exam work. If a = bq + r, then HCF(a,b) = HCF(b,r). Find the HCF of 252 and 198 by repeated division: 252 = 198 x 1 + 54, 198 = 54 x 3 + 36, 54 = 36 x 1 + 18, 36 = 18 x 2 + 0. Since the last non-zero remainder is 18, the HCF is 18. Use repeated division to find the HCF of two numbers, or explain why the method works. Taking 36 as the HCF in the worked example is wrong because 36 is not the last non-zero remainder.
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