Human Reproduction Mind Map

The male reproductive system is the set of primary and accessory reproductive organs that produce sperm, form semen and transfer male gametes into the female reproductive tract.

For a short answer, write the pathway of sperm in order and add one function each for testes, accessory ducts and accessory glands.

The female reproductive system consists of ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, external genitalia and mammary glands that produce ova, receive sperm, support fertilisation, pregnancy and nourishment after birth.

Always separate site of ovulation, fertilisation and implantation: ovary releases ovum, oviduct receives and supports fertilisation, uterus supports implantation and development.

Gametogenesis is the formation of haploid gametes from diploid germ cells through mitotic multiplication, growth and meiotic divisions; in males it is spermatogenesis and in females it is oogenesis.

For comparison answers, include place, time of start, meiotic products, cytoplasmic division and hormonal control.

The menstrual cycle is the cyclic change in ovary and uterus of a reproductive-age human female, involving menstruation, follicular development, ovulation and luteal phase under hormonal control.

When writing phases, connect each phase with one ovarian event, one uterine change and the major hormone involved.

Fertilisation is the fusion of a haploid sperm with a haploid ovum to form a diploid zygote, while implantation is the attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine endometrium.

Use the words ampullary-isthmic junction, zygote, cleavage, blastocyst and endometrium in sequence for a complete answer.

Pregnancy is the period of embryonic and foetal development in the uterus, supported by implantation, placenta formation, maternal-foetal exchange and pregnancy-related hormones.

When writing about placenta, include both exchange function and endocrine function for full credit.

Parturition is childbirth through coordinated uterine contractions, while lactation is milk production and release from mammary glands after childbirth to nourish the newborn.

For parturition, always mention foetal ejection reflex and oxytocin; for lactation, mention colostrum and antibodies.